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absence n.ȱϯ;������

keep out�� ����……

require sb to do…��Ҫ��ij��ȥ……

bring … into compliance��ʹ……���ӹ涨

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Step1��

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�� Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas—city centres, “school streets”, even individual roads

�� are a response to the absence of a larger effort

�� to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance.

Step2��ץ����

Restrictions are a response.(��ν���ṹ)

Step3�����ṹ

��“that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas—city centres, “school streets”, even individual roads”����Ӿ��������д�“Restrictions”������Ӿ�ϳ�ʱ���ɺ��÷���Ϊ�����Ƹ���Ⱦ��������ijЩ����——�����ġ�ѧУ�ֵ������������·��

�� are a response to the absence of a larger effort

response to��……�Ļ�Ӧ��“of a larger effort”��ʶ�������������“absence”����������Ŭ����ȱϯ��

��to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance.

1. to do ���������ö�������effort

2. ���нṹ��ʶ��“and”����ǰ������to do�������to A and B�Ľṹ������Ϊ��ȥ �ʵ�ִ�����з��� �� Ҫ��������˾ʹ�䳵�����Ϲ涨��

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