Printing Pyramid Patterns in Python

Last Updated : 17 Mar, 2026

Pyramid patterns are sequences of characters or numbers arranged in a way that resembles a pyramid. Each level has more elements than the level above. These patterns are great for practicing loops and control structures in Python.

Full Pyramid Patterns in Python

A full pyramid pattern is a series of lines that form a symmetric pyramid. Each line has a specific number of characters, increasing as you go down.

Example 1: Full Pyramid Patterns Using Loop

Python 
def full_pyramid(n):
    for i in range(1, n + 1):
        for j in range(n - i):
            print(" ", end="")
        
        for k in range(1, 2*i):
            print("*", end="")
        print()
   
full_pyramid(5)

Output
    *
   ***
  *****
 *******
*********

Explanation: The outer loop controls the rows, while the inner loops handle the spaces and stars. Each row has spaces to align the stars symmetrically, forming a pyramid.

Example 2: Pyramid Patterns with Alphabets

Python 
print("GFG")
n = 5
alph = 65
for i in range(0, n):
    print(" " * (n-i), end=" ")
    for j in range(0, i+1):
        print(chr(alph), end=" ")
        alph += 1
    alph = 65
    print()

Output
GFG
      A 
     A B 
    A B C 
   A B C D 
  A B C D E

Example 3: Pyramid Patterns with Numbers

Python 
def print_number_pyramid(rows):
    for i in range(1, rows + 1):
        for j in range(rows - i):
            print(" ", end="")
        for j in range(2 * i - 1):
            print(j + 1, end="")
        print()

print_number_pyramid(5)

Output
    1
   123
  12345
 1234567
123456789

Example 4: Inverted Full Pyramid

Python 
def inverted_full_pyramid(n):
    for i in range(n, 0, -1):
        for j in range(n - i):
            print(" ", end="")
        for k in range(2*i - 1):
            print("*", end="")
        print("")

inverted_full_pyramid(5)

Output
*********
 *******
  *****
   ***
    *

Example 5: Hollow Pyramid

Python 
print("GFG")
def hollow_pyramid(n):
    for i in range(1, n + 1):
        for j in range(1, 2 * n):
            if j == n - i + 1 or j == n + i - 1 or i == n:
                print("*", end="")
            else:
                print(" ", end="")
        print()

hollow_pyramid(5)

Output
GFG
    *    
   * *   
  *   *  
 *     * 
*********

Half Pyramid Patterns in Python

A half pyramid starts with one element in the first row and adds one more in each subsequent row.

Example 1: Half Pyramid Using Loops

Python 
def half_pyramid(n):
    for i in range(1, n + 1):
        for j in range(1, i + 1):
            print("* ", end="")
        print("")

half_pyramid(5)

Output
* 
* * 
* * * 
* * * * 
* * * * *

Example 2: Half Pyramid Using Recursion

Python 
def print_half_pyramid(n):
    if n > 0:
        print_half_pyramid(n - 1)
        print('*' * n)

rows = int(input("Enter number of rows: "))
print_half_pyramid(rows)

Output (for 5 rows):

*
**
***
****
*****

Explanation: The recursive function print_half_pyramid() prints one row at a time starting from the top, moving down by calling itself with a smaller number of rows.

Example 3: Half Pyramid with Numbers

Python 
def numpat(n):
    for i in range(0, n):
        num = 1
        for j in range(0, i+1):
            print(num, end=" ")
            num += 1
        print("")

numpat(5)

Output
1 
1 2 
1 2 3 
1 2 3 4 
1 2 3 4 5

Example 4: Half Pyramid with Alphabets

Python 
def alphapat(n):
    num = 65
    for i in range(0, n):
        for j in range(0, i+1):
            print(chr(num), end=" ")
        num += 1
        print("\r")

alphapat(5)

Output
A 
B B 
C C C 
D D D D 
E E E E E

Example 5: Inverted Half Pyramid

Python 
def inverted_half_pyramid(n):
    for i in range(n, 0, -1):
        for j in range(1, i + 1):
            print("* ", end="")
        print("\r")

inverted_half_pyramid(5)

Output
* * * * * 
* * * * 
* * * 
* * 
*

Example 6: Hollow Inverted Half Pyramid

Python 
def def1(rows):
    for i in range(rows, 0, -1):
        for j in range(rows - i):
            print(" ", end="")
        for j in range(i):
            if j == 0 or j == i - 1 or i == rows:
                print("*", end="")
            else:
                print(" ", end="")
        print()

def1(5)

Output
*****
 *  *
  * *
   **
    *
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