Machine Learning with Python focuses on building systems that can learn from data and make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed. Python provides simple syntax and useful libraries that make machine learning easy to understand and implement, even for beginners.
- Preparing data for training machine learning models.
- Selecting suitable algorithms for a problem.
- Training models using historical data.
- Evaluating model performance.
- Making predictions on new data.
Getting Started with Machine Learning
Before starting this tutorial, it is important to understand the core ideas behind machine learning and how it differs from traditional programming.
- Introduction to Machine Learning
- Types of Machine Learning
- Machine Learning vs Deep Learning
- Machine Learning vs Data Science
- Applications of Machine Learning
Basic Python Concepts
Python is the most widely used language for machine learning. A strong foundation in Python is required to understand model implementation and workflows.
- Download and Install Python 3
- Input and Output in Python
- Python Variables
- Python Keywords
- Python Data Types
- Python Operators
- Conditional Statements in Python
- Loops in Python
- Python Functions
- Python String
- Python Lists
- Python Dictionary
- Python Tuples
- Sets in Python
- Python Exception Handling
Python Libraries for Machine Learning
To work efficiently with machine learning, you should be familiar with the following libraries:
- NumPy for Numerical Computing
- Pandas for Data Manipulation
- Matplotlib for Data Visualization
- Seaborn for Data Visualization
- Scikit-learn for Machine Learning
Data Preparation for Machine Learning
Data preparation is a critical step where raw data is cleaned and transformed to make it suitable for model training.
- Loading Dataset using Pandas
- Understanding the Dataset Structure
- Data Preprocessing
- Data Cleansing
- Handling Missing Values
- Removing Duplicate Records
- Feature Scaling using StandardScaler and MinMaxScaler
- Encoding Categorical Data
- Train-Test Split using Scikit-learn
Supervised Learning
Supervised learning uses labeled data to train models that can predict outputs for unseen data.
Regression Algorithms
Regression algorithms are used to predict continuous numerical values.
- Introduction to Regression
- Simple Linear Regression
- Multiple Linear Regression
- Polynomial Regression
- Ridge Regression
- Lasso Regression
- Elastic Net Regression
- K-Nearest Neighbors Regression
- Support Vector Regression (SVR)
- Decision Tree Regression
- Random Forest Regression
Classification Algorithms
Classification algorithms are used to predict discrete class labels by learning patterns from labeled data.
- Introduction to Classification
- Logistic Regression
- K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN)
- Support Vector Machine (SVM)
- Naive Bayes Algorithm
- Decision Tree Classifier
- Random Forest Classifier
Unsupervised Learning
Unsupervised learning works with unlabeled data to discover hidden patterns and structures.
Clustering Algorithms
Clustering algorithms group similar data points together based on their features without using labeled data.
- K-Means Clustering
- K-means++ Clustering
- Fuzzy Clustering
- Hierarchical Clustering
- DBSCAN Algorithm
- Mean Shift Clustering
- Gaussian Mixture Models
- Dirichlet Process Mixture Models
- DBSCAN Clustering
- OPTICS Clustering
Association Rule Learning
Association rule learning is used to discover relationships and frequent patterns among variables in large datasets.
Dimensionality Reduction Techniques
Dimensionality reduction techniques reduce the number of features while preserving important information in the data.
- Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
- Feature Importance
- Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA)
- t-SNE (t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding)
- Independent Component Analysis (ICA)
- Locally Linear Embedding
Reinforcement Learning
Reinforcement learning interacts with environment and learn from them based on rewards.
Model-Based Methods
These methods use a model of the environment to predict outcomes and help the agent plan actions by simulating potential results.
Model-Free Methods
The agent learns directly from experience by interacting with the environment and adjusting its actions based on feedback.
- Q-Learning
- Deep Q-Learning
- SARSA
- Monte Carlo Methods
- Reinforce Algorithm
- Actor-Critic Algorithm
- Asynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic (A3C)
Ensemble Learning
Ensemble learning combines multiple models to improve prediction accuracy.
- Introduction to Ensemble Learning
- Bagging Algorithm
- Boosting Algorithm
- AdaBoost
- Gradient Boosting
- XGBoost
- CatBoost
- LightGBM
- Stacking
Forecasting Models
Forecasting models are used to predict future values based on historical time-series data and observed trends.
- ARIMA (Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average)
- SARIMA (Seasonal ARIMA)
- Exponential Smoothing
- Exponential Smoothing (Holt-Winters)
Model Evaluation and Validation
Model evaluation helps in measuring how well a machine learning model performs.
- Confusion Matrix
- Precision, Recall and F1-Score
- ROC Curve and AUC
- Cross Validation
- Bias and Variance
- Overfitting and Underfitting
- Regularization
Resources:
- For project ideas refer to 100+ Machine Learning Projects with Source Code [2025] for hands-on implementation on projects
- For interview preparation, refer to Machine Learning Interview Questions and Answers to revise key concepts and commonly asked questions.
- After machine learning and have hands on experience in it we can start with deep learning from here: Deep Learning Tutorial
GeeksforGeeks Courses
Machine Learning Basic and Advanced - Self Paced Course
Understanding the core idea of building systems has now become easier. With our Machine Learning Basic and Advanced - Self Paced Course, you will not only learn about the concepts of machine learning but will gain hands-on experience implementing effective techniques. This Machine Learning course will provide you with the skills needed to become a successful Machine Learning Engineer today. Enrol now!